Ultrasonic diagnosis device

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of Doppler measurements. An ultrasonic diagnosis device comprises: a transmission unit  12  for transmitting, through a probe  14 , an ultrasonic wave for each of a plurality of transmit beams formed at different positions or in different directions; a reception unit  20  for receiving, through the probe  14 , an ultrasonic wave for each receive beam included in a receive beam set formed to correspond to each transmit beam; a Doppler processing unit  24  for determining a Doppler measurement for each of the receive beams; and a combining/selecting unit  26  for combining a first Doppler measurement determined for a first receive beam belonging to a receive beam set formed to correspond to a first transmit beam and a second Doppler measurement determined for a second receive beam belonging to a receive beam set formed to correspond to a second transmit beam when the first receive beam and the second receive beam are in a predetermined positional relationship.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a national phase claiming the benefit of and priority to International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2015/078938, entitled “ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSIS DEVICE”, filed Oct. 13, 2015, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-228044, filed Nov. 10, 2014, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an ultrasonic diagnostic device, and particularly to an ultrasonic diagnostic device that forms a plurality of received beams at different positions or in different directions for a single transmitting beam.

BACKGROUND

Ultrasonic diagnostic devices designed for measuring the velocity of blood flow of an examinee using a Doppler technique are widely used. These ultrasonic diagnostic devices include a multiline ultrasonic diagnostic device that transmits ultrasound waves for one transmitting beam, and, based on ultrasound waves received from each direction of a plurality of received beams having different positions or directions, performs Doppler measurement.

The multiline ultrasonic diagnostic devices described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 transmit ultrasound waves with respect to a plurality of parallel transmitting beams. For each transmitting beam, an ensemble of a plurality of parallel received beams (a set of received beams) is formed, and ultrasound waves are received for each received beam. A received beam outside each ensemble overlaps a received beam outside the adjacent ensemble.

When received beams that belong to an ensemble formed corresponding to one transmitting beam overlap received beams that belong to an ensemble formed corresponding to another transmitting beam, the Doppler frequency or velocity is determined for one received beam direction, based on each of received data items obtained for the overlapping received beams.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

[Patent Document 1] JP 2010-511420 A

[Patent Document 2] U.S. Pat. No. 8,475,380 B2, description

SUMMARY Technical Problem

In general, the accuracy of Doppler measurement depends on a positional relationship between transmitting beams and received beams. In Doppler measurement performed by forming a plurality of received beams at different positions or in different directions for one transmitting beam, the accuracy of Doppler measurement values, such as Doppler frequency and velocity, may be reduced depending on the positional relationship between the received beams and the transmitting beams.

An object of the invention is to increase the accuracy of Doppler measurement values.

Solution to Problem

In accordance with an aspect of the invention, an ultrasonic diagnostic device includes a transmitter unit configured to transmit ultrasound waves for each of a plurality of transmitting beams formed at different positions or in different directions; a receiver unit configured to receive ultrasound waves concerning each of a plurality of received beams in each set of received beams, the plurality of received beams being formed at different positions or in different directions, the each set of received beams being formed corresponding to each transmitting beam; a Doppler processing unit configured to determine a Doppler measurement value for each of the received beams based on the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit; and a combining unit configured to combine, when a first received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a first transmitting beam and a second received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a second transmitting beam are in a predetermined positional relationship, a first Doppler measurement value determined for the first received beam and a second Doppler measurement value determined for the second received beam. The combining unit is configured to weight-combine the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value, with weighting in accordance with a distance between the first transmitting beam and the first received beam or a difference in directions between the first transmitting beam and the first received beam, and a distance between the second transmitting beam and the second received beam or a difference in directions between the second transmitting beam and the second received beam, and the combining unit is configured to set, in weight-combining, greater weighting for the first Doppler measurement value or the second Doppler measurement value that is determined based on a smaller distance between the transmitting beam and the received beam or based on a greater difference in directions between the transmitting beam and the received beam.

In embodiments of the present invention, when the first received beam corresponding to the first transmitting beam and the second received beam corresponding to the second transmitting beam are in a predetermined positional relationship, the first Doppler measurement value determined for the first received beam and the second Doppler measurement value determined for the second received beam are combined. This approach can determine correct measurement values based on Doppler measurement values determined for two sets of received beams. The Doppler measurement values in the embodiments of the present invention include, for example, measurement values of Doppler frequencies and measurement values of velocities. In general, the accuracy of Doppler measurement values depends on the positional relationship between transmitting beams and received beams. For example, as a distance between a transmitting beam and a received beam becomes smaller, the accuracy of Doppler measurement values which is determined becomes higher. Further, as the difference between the direction of a transmitting beam and the direction of a received beam becomes closer to 180°, for example, the accuracy of Doppler measurement values which is determined is higher. In embodiments of the present invention, the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value are weight-combined appropriately in accordance with the positional relationship between the transmitting beam and the received beam.

In accordance with another aspect, an ultrasonic diagnostic device includes a transmitter unit configured to transmit ultrasound waves for each of a plurality of transmitting beams formed at different positions or in different directions, the transmitter unit being configured to transmit ultrasound waves a plurality of times for one transmitting beam; a receiver unit configured to receive ultrasound waves concerning each of a plurality of received beams in each set of received beams, the plurality of received beams being formed at different positions or in different directions, the each set of received beams being formed corresponding to each transmitting beam; a Doppler processing unit is-configured to determine a Doppler measurement value for each of the received beams based on the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit a plurality of times; and a combining unit configured to combine, when a first received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a first transmitting beam and a second received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a second transmitting beam are in a predetermined positional relationship, a first Doppler measurement value determined for the first received beam and a second Doppler measurement value determined for the second received beam. The ultrasonic diagnostic device further includes a variation determining unit configured to determine, for each of the received beams, a variation level based on an amount that contributes to the Doppler measurement value, concerning the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit a plurality of times for each of the received beams. The combining unit is configured to weight-combine the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value, with weighting in accordance with the variation level determined for each of the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value and the combining unit is configured to set, in weight-combining, greater weighting for the first Doppler measurement value or the second Doppler measurement value for which the variation level is smaller.

In embodiments of the present invention, when the first received beam corresponding to the first transmitting beam and the second received beam corresponding to the second transmitting beam are in a predetermined positional relationship, the first Doppler measurement value determined for the first received beam and the second Doppler measurement value determined for the second received beam are combined. This approach can determine correct measurement values based on Doppler measurement values determined for two sets of received beams. The Doppler measurement values in the embodiments of the present invention include, for example, measurement values of Doppler frequencies and measurement values of velocities. Further, in embodiments of the present invention, the Doppler processing unit determines a Doppler measurement value for each received beam based on ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit a plurality of times. Further, the variation determining unit determines a variation level for each received beam. In general, as the variation level becomes smaller, the accuracy of Doppler measurement value which is determined becomes higher. According to embodiments of the present invention, the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value are appropriately weight-combined, with weighting in accordance with the variation level concerning an amount of contribution to the Doppler measurement values.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an ultrasonic diagnostic device includes a transmitter unit configured to transmit ultrasound waves for each of a plurality of transmitting beams formed at different positions or in different directions, a receiver unit configured to receive ultrasound waves concerning each of a plurality of received beams in each set of received beams, the plurality of received beams being formed at different positions or in different directions, the each set of received beams being formed corresponding to each transmitting beam, a Doppler processing unit configured to determine a Doppler measurement value for each of the received beams based on the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit, and a selecting unit configure to select, when a first received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a first transmitting beam and a second received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a second transmitting beam are in a predetermined positional relationship, either a first Doppler measurement determined for the first received beam or a second Doppler measurement determined for the second received beam, based on an evaluation condition for each Doppler measurement value.

In embodiments of the present invention, when the first received beam corresponding to the first transmitting beam and the second received beam corresponding to the second transmitting beam are in a predetermined positional relationship, one of the first Doppler measurement value determined for the first received beam and the second Doppler measurement value determined for the second received beam is selected based on an evaluation condition for each Doppler measurement value. As a result, one of the Doppler measurement values determined for two received beam sets is appropriately selected.

In preferred embodiments, the selecting unit is configured to select either the first Doppler measurement value or the second Doppler measurement value based on a positional relationship between the first transmitting beam and the first received beam and a positional relationship between the second transmitting beam and the second received beam.

In general, the accuracy of Doppler measurement values depends on the positional relationship between a transmitting beam and a received beam. According to embodiments of the present invention, one of the first Doppler measurement value or the second Doppler measurement value is selected appropriately based on the positional relationship between the transmitting beam and the received beam.

In preferred embodiments, the transmitter unit is configured to transmit ultrasound waves a plurality of times for one transmitting beam, and the Doppler processing unit is configured to determine the Doppler measurement value for each of the received beams based on the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit a plurality of times. The ultrasonic diagnostic device further comprises a variation determining unit configured to determine, for each of the received beams, a variation level based on an amount that contributes to the Doppler measurement value, concerning the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit a plurality of times for each of the received beams. The selecting unit is configured to select either the first Doppler measurement value or the second Doppler measurement value based on the variation level determined for each of the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value.

In embodiments of the present invention, the Doppler processing unit determines a Doppler measurement value for each received beam based on ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit a plurality of times. Further, the variation determination unit determines the variation level for each received beam. The accuracy of Doppler measurement values which is determined generally becomes higher as the variation level becomes smaller. According to embodiments of the present invention, one of the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value is selected appropriately based on the variation level concerning the amount of contribution to the Doppler measurement value.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to embodiments of the present invention, the accuracy of Doppler measurement values can be increased.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an ultrasonic diagnostic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example positional relationship between transmitting beams and received beams when linear scanning is performed.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a Doppler processing unit.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example positional relationship between transmitting beams and received beams when sector scanning is performed.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of an ultrasonic diagnostic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ultrasonic diagnostic device executes measurement in B-mode and measurement in Doppler mode in time division. The ultrasonic diagnostic device transmits and receives ultrasound waves to and from an examinee 18. In B-mode, the ultrasonic diagnostic device displays a tomographic image based on ultrasound waves received from the examinee 18. In Doppler mode, the ultrasonic diagnostic device measures and displays blood flow velocity within the examinee 18 based on Doppler frequencies of ultrasound waves received from the examinee 18. The blood flow velocity is a vector having a direction and a magnitude and is displayed with graphics such as arrows, a combination of color and luminance, or two component values.

The structure of the ultrasonic diagnostic device, and processing to be executed by the ultrasonic diagnostic device will be described. A probe 14 is in contact with a body surface of the examinee 18. In the following description, the direction along the surface of the examinee 18 is referred to as an x-axis direction, and the direction corresponding to the depth direction of the examinee 18 is referred to as a y-axis positive direction. The probe 14 includes a plurality of transducer elements 16. A transmitter unit 12 outputs transmitting signals to each transducer element 16 of the probe 14 under control of a beam control unit 10. As a result, ultrasound waves are transmitted from the probe 14. The beam control unit 10 controls the transmitter unit 12 to form transmitting beams in the probe 14 and scan the transmitting beams with respect to the examinee 18. More specifically, the transmitter unit 12, under control of the beam control unit 10, forms the transmitting beams in the probe 14 while adjusting the delay time and the level of each transmitting signal and scans the transmitting beams with respect to the examinee 18. In this embodiment, the transmitting beams are directed to the y-axis positive direction and scanned linearly in the x-axis direction.

Receiving ultrasound waves reflected within the examinee 18, each transducer element 16 of the probe 14 outputs electrical signals in accordance with the received ultrasound waves to a receiver unit 20. The receiver unit 20, under control of the beam control unit 10, applies amplification, orthogonal detection, and other processing to the received signals output from each transducer element 16. The receiver unit 20 thus generates received baseband signals of a plurality of channels corresponding to the plurality of transducer elements 16, and temporarily stores each received baseband signal for phase alignment and summation. Each received baseband signal includes an in-phase component I and an orthogonal component Q. The argument of a vector (I, Q) in an IQ plane represents a phase angle of the received signal, and a variation quantity of the argument of the vector (I, Q) per unit time represents a Doppler frequency.

A phase alignment and summation unit 22 applies phase alignment and summation to the received baseband signals of a plurality of channels generated in the receiver unit 20 to generate received data. The probe 14 thus forms the received beams and generates the received data based on the ultrasound waves received along the received beams. The received data, similar to the received baseband signals, include an in-phase component and an orthogonal component. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 outputs the received data to a tomographic image generating unit 30 under operation in the B-mode, and outputs the received data to a Doppler processing unit 24 under operation in the Doppler mode.

The operation in the B-mode will be described. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 applies phase alignment and summation to the received baseband signals of a plurality of channels generated by the receiver unit 20. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 thereby generates received data based on ultrasound waves received along the received beams in the same direction as the direction of scanned transmitting beams, and outputs the received data to the tomographic image generating unit 30. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 thus generates each received data item based on ultrasound waves received from each direction of the received beam scanned within the examinee 18, and outputs the received data to the tomographic image generating unit 30. The tomographic image generating unit 30 generates tomographic image data based on the received data obtained for each received beam direction, and outputs the tomographic image data to an image combining unit 32. One tomographic image data item based on the transmitting beam and the received beam for one scanning corresponds to image data of one frame, which, in turn, corresponds to one tomographic image. The beam control unit 10, the transmitter unit 12, the probe 14, the receiver unit 20, the phase alignment and summation unit 22, and the tomographic image generating unit 30 sequentially generate tomographic image data in conjunction with repeated scanning of the transmitting beams and the received beams, and output each tomographic image data item to the image combining unit 32. A plurality of tomographic image data items generated on a time series basis form motion image data.

The operation in the Doppler mode will be now described. In the Doppler mode, ultrasonic pulses are transmitted a plurality of N times at repeated time intervals T for one transmitting beam direction. The receiver unit 20 generates received baseband signals in accordance with each received ultrasonic pulse reflected within the examinee 18.

The phase alignment and summation unit 22 executes processing for forming a plurality of received beams for one time transmission of ultrasonic pulse. More specifically, the phase alignment and summation unit 22 applies phase alignment and summation to the received baseband signals of a plurality of channels generated by the receiver unit 20, to form a plurality of received beams having the same direction as the direction of the transmitting beam and arranged in parallel to each other. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 then generates received data based on the ultrasound waves received along each received beam. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 subsequently outputs each received data item to the Doppler processing unit 24.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example positional relationship between the transmitting beams and the received beams. As illustrated in this drawing, the transmitting beams T0, T1, and T2 are formed toward the depth direction (y-axis positive direction). In the example in FIG. 2(a), at the position with depth y=y0, eight received beams R0 to R7 are formed at equal intervals toward the y-axis negative direction with the transmitting beam T0 as their center.

The phase alignment and summation unit 22 generates, concerning each of the ultrasonic pulses transmitted and received for N times, each received data item based on the ultrasound waves received along each of a plurality of received beams.

When M received beams are formed, N received data items are generated for each of the M received beams, and received data items in the number of (M·N) are output from the phase alignment and summation unit 22 to the Doppler processing unit 24. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2(a), with M=8, the received beams R0 to R7 are formed, and received data items in the number of (8·N) are output from the phase alignment and summation unit 22 to the Doppler processing unit 24.

As described above, the transmitting beams are scanned linearly in the x-axis direction. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 generates N received data items for each of M received beams, with respect to each position of the transmitting beams linearly scanned in the x-axis direction, and outputs the generated received data to the Doppler processing unit 24.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 2(b), the transmitting beam is scanned in the x-axis direction, and the transmitting beam T1 is formed at a position toward the right from the transmitting beam T0, and eight received beams Q0 to Q7 are formed toward the y-axis negative direction at equal intervals, with the transmitting beam T1 as their center, at the position with the depth y=y0. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 performs processing similar to the processing with respect to the received beam R0 to R7 illustrated in FIG. 2(a). The phase alignment and summation unit 22 thereby generates each received data item based on ultrasound waves received along each of the received beams Q0 to Q7, for each of the ultrasonic pulses transmitted and received for N times, and outputs each received data item that is generated to the Doppler processing unit 24.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 2(c), the transmitting beam is scanned in the x-axis direction, and the transmitting beam T2 is formed at a position toward the right from the transmitting beam T1, and eight received beams P0 to P7 are formed toward the y-axis negative direction at equal intervals, with the transmitting beam T2 as their center, at the position with the depth y=y0. The phase alignment and summation unit 22 performs processing similar to the processing with respect to the received beam R0 to R7 illustrated in FIG. 2(a). The phase alignment and summation unit 22 thereby generates each received data item based on ultrasound waves received along each of the received beams P0 to P7, for each of the ultrasonic pulses transmitted and received for N times, and outputs each received data item that is generated to the Doppler processing unit 24.

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of the Doppler processing unit 24. The Doppler processing unit 24 includes an MTI filter processing unit 36, an autocorrelation processing unit 38, and a velocity calculation unit 40, and executes the following Doppler operation processing with respect to the N received data items obtained for one received beam to obtain velocity measurement values. MTI is an abbreviation of Moving Target Indication.

The MTI filter processing unit 36 reduces or eliminates, from Doppler frequency components of the received data, components having a frequency which is equal to or less than a predetermined cutoff frequency. The received data item includes an in-phase component and an orthogonal component, each including a Doppler frequency component. The MTI filter processing unit 36 applies processing for reducing or eliminating a Doppler frequency component having a frequency equal to or less than the cutoff frequency, to each of the in-phase component and the orthogonal component contained in the received data.

The autocorrelation processing unit 38 auto-correlates the N received data items. The received data for the k-th (k=1 to N) ultrasonic pulse, among the N ultrasonic pulses transmitted at the repeated time intervals T, is represented by the following Formula 1: z(y,k)=I(y,k)+j·Q(y,k)  [Formula 1]

In Formula 1, y is a coordinate value in the depth direction, I(y, k) indicates an in-phase component and Q(y, k) indicates an orthogonal component, and j is the imaginary unit. The autocorrelation processing unit 38 determines, in accordance with the following Formula 2, an autocorrelation value S(y) for N received data items z(y, 1), z(y, 2), . . . z(y, N), and outputs the result to the velocity calculation unit 40.

$\begin{matrix} {{S(y)} = {\sum\limits_{k = 1}^{N - 1}\;{{z\left( {y,k} \right)} \cdot {z\left( {y,{k + 1}} \right)}^{*}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In the above formula, the superscript “*” indicates a complex conjugate. The velocity calculation unit 40 obtains velocity measurement values v(y) according to the following Formula 3 using a real part Re[S(y)] and an imaginary part Im[S(y)] of the autocorrelation value S(y) obtained by the autocorrelation processing unit 38 and outputs the result to a combining/selecting unit 26.

$\begin{matrix} {{v(y)} = {{\frac{c}{2f_{0}} \cdot \frac{1}{2\pi\; T}}{\arctan\left\lbrack \frac{{Im}\left\lbrack {S(y)} \right\rbrack}{{Re}\left\lbrack {S(y)} \right\rbrack} \right\rbrack}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 3, c is a propagation velocity of an ultrasound wave propagating within the examinee 18, and f₀ is a frequency of an ultrasound wave transmitted and received at the probe 14. Of the right side of Formula 3, a right part with respect to c/(2f₀) represents a Doppler frequency. The velocity measurement value v(y) represents a y-axis direction component of the blood flow velocity at the depth y. When the angle φ formed by the direction of the blood flow with respect to the y-axis is known, v(y)/cos φ is the blood flow velocity.

When it is not necessary to obtain absolute values of blood flow velocity (values in MKSA system of unit, for example), such as when measuring distribution of the blood flow velocity, the velocity measurement value may be obtained by multiplying the value obtained by Formula 3 by an arbitrary constant. Alternatively, in place of the velocity measurement value, a Doppler frequency measurement value corresponding to the right part of c/(2f₀) in the right side of Formula 3 may be used.

The Doppler processing unit 24, according to the processing described above, obtains a velocity measurement value for each of M received beams formed with regard to one transmitting beam, and outputs the velocity measurement value obtained for each received beam to the combining/selecting unit 26. The Doppler processing unit 24 further obtains a velocity measurement value for each of M received beams, with respect to each position of the transmitting beam linearly scanned in the x-axis direction, and outputs the result to the combining/selecting unit 26.

When any of M received beams formed for one of two adjacent transmitting beams and any of M received beams formed for the other transmitting beam overlap, the combining/selecting unit 26 combines the velocity measurement values obtained for each of the overlapping received beams.

Combining executed by the combining/selecting unit 26 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. As illustrated in FIGS. 2(a) and (b), of the received beams R0 to R7 formed with the transmitting beam T0 as their center, the received beam R5 to R7 are formed at positions respectively corresponding to the positions where the received beams Q0 to Q2, among the received beams Q0 to Q7 formed with the transmitting beam T1 as their center, are formed. Further, as illustrated in FIGS. 2(b) and (c), of the received beams Q0 to Q7 formed with the transmitting beam T1 as their center, the received beams Q5 to Q7 are formed at positions respectively corresponding to the positions where the received beams P0 to P2, among the received beams P0 to P7 formed with the transmitting beam T2 as their center, are formed.

The combining/selecting unit 26 obtains, concerning each of the positions in the x-axis direction at the depth y=y0 of the received beams R0 to R7, the received beams Q3 to Q7, and the received beams P3 to P7, a combined measurement value that is a combined value of the velocity measurement values. More specifically, the combining/selecting unit 26 obtains, concerning the 18 received beams to be observed, which are the received beams R0 to R7, the received beams Q3 to Q7, and the received beams P3 to P7, combined measurement values v0 to v17 sequentially from left to right. FIG. 2(d) indicates a relationship between the positions in the x-axis direction and the combined measurement values v0 to v17.

The combining/selecting unit 26 first determines the combined measurement values v0 to v4 for the received beams R0 to R4 to be the same values as the velocity measurement values output from the Doppler processing unit 24, respectively. The combining/selecting unit 26 then obtains the combined measurement values v5 to v7 for the received beams R5 to R7 to be observed, according to Formula 4.

$\begin{matrix} \left\{ \begin{matrix} {{v\; 5} = {{w\;{5 \cdot {v\left( {R\; 5} \right)}}} + {\left( {1 - {w\; 5}} \right) \cdot {v\left( {Q\; 0} \right)}}}} \\ {{v\; 6} = {{w\;{6 \cdot {v\left( {R\; 6} \right)}}} + {\left( {1 - {w\; 6}} \right) \cdot {v\left( {Q\; 1} \right)}}}} \\ {{v\; 7} = {{w\;{7 \cdot {v\left( {R\; 7} \right)}}} + {\left( {1 - {w\; 7}} \right) \cdot {v\left( {Q\; 2} \right)}}}} \end{matrix} \right. & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 4, v(R5) to v(R7) are velocity measurement values obtained according to Formula 3 for the received beams R5 to R7, respectively, at the depth y=y0. Further, v(Q0) to v(Q2) are velocity measurement values obtained according to Formula 3 for the received beams Q0 to Q2, respectively, at the depth y=y0, and w5 to w7 are weighting coefficients determined for the received beams R5 to R7, respectively. The weighting coefficient w is determined in accordance with a relationship of lengths between an observing side transmitting and receiving distance between a received beam to be observed and a transmitting beam corresponding to the received beam, and a combining side transmitting and receiving distance between a received beam to be combined and a transmitting beam corresponding to the received beam. For example, when the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is greater than the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the weighting coefficient w is determined within a range of 0<w<0.5. When the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is less than the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the weighting coefficient w is determined within a range of 0.5<w<1. When the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is equal to the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the weighting coefficient w is determined as w=0.5.

In the example illustrated in FIGS. 2(a) and (b), assuming that the distance between received beams is D, the distance between the received beam R5 and the transmitting beam T0 is 1.5 D. The distance between the received beam Q0 and the transmitting beam T1 is 3.5 D. As the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is therefore smaller than the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the weighting coefficient w5 is determined within a range of 0.5<w5<1. Further, as the distance between the received beam R6 and the transmitting beam T0 is 2.5 D and the distance between the received beam Q1 and the transmitting beam T1 is also 2.5 D, the observing side transmitting and receiving distance and the combining side transmitting and receiving distance are equal to each other, and therefore the weighting coefficient w6 is determined to be 0.5. Further, the distance of the received beam R7 and the transmitting beam T0 is 3.5 D and the distance between the received beam Q2 and the transmitting beam T1 is 1.5 D. As the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is therefore greater than the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the weighting coefficient w7 is determined within a range of 0<w7<0.5.

The combining/selecting unit 26 then determines the combined measurement values v8 and v9 for the received beams Q3 and Q4 to be the same values as the velocity measurement values, respectively, output from the Doppler processing unit 24. The combining/selecting 26 further obtains the combined measurement values v10 to v12 for the received beams Q5 to Q7 to be observed according to Formula 5.

$\begin{matrix} \left\{ \begin{matrix} {{v\; 10} = {{w\;{10 \cdot {v\left( {Q\; 5} \right)}}} + {\left( {1 - {w\; 10}} \right) \cdot {v\left( {P\; 0} \right)}}}} \\ {{v\; 11} = {{w\;{11 \cdot {v\left( {Q\; 6} \right)}}} + {\left( {1 - {w\; 11}} \right) \cdot {v\left( {P\; 1} \right)}}}} \\ {{v\; 12} = {{w\;{12 \cdot {v\left( {Q\; 7} \right)}}} + {\left( {1 - {w\; 12}} \right) \cdot {v\left( {P\; 2} \right)}}}} \end{matrix} \right. & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 5, v(Q5) to v(Q7) are velocity measurement values obtained according to Formula 3 for the received beams Q5 to Q7, respectively, at the depth y=y0. Further, v(P0) to v(P2) are velocity measurement values obtained according to Formula 3 for the received beams P0 to P2 at the depth y=y0. Also, w10 to w12 are weighting coefficients determined for the received beams Q5 to Q7, respectively. Each weighting coefficient is determined based on the length relationship between the observing side transmitting and receiving distance and the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, similar to Formula 5.

In the example illustrated in FIGS. 2(b) and (c), assuming that the distance between received beams is D, the distance between the received beam Q5 and the transmitting beam T1 is 1.5 D. The distance between the received beam P0 and the transmitting beam T2 is 3.5 D. As the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is therefore smaller than the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the weighting coefficient w10 is determined within a range of 0.5<w10<1. Further, as the distance between the received beam Q6 and the transmitting beam T1 is 2.5 D and the distance between the received beam P1 and the transmitting beam T2 is also 2.5 D, the observing side transmitting and receiving distance and the combining side transmitting and receiving distance are equal to each other and the weighting coefficient w11 is determined to be 0.5. Further, the distance of the received beam Q7 and the transmitting beam T1 is 3.5 D and the distance between the received beam P2 and the transmitting beam T2 is 1.5 D. As the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is therefore greater than the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the weighting coefficient w12 is determined within a range of 0<w12<0.5.

Finally, the combining/selecting unit 26 determines the combined measurement values v13 to v17 for the received beams P3 to P7 to be as same values as the velocity measurement values output from the Doppler processing unit 24, respectively.

When the first received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a transmitting beam to be observed (the first transmitting beam) and the second received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to another transmitting beam (the second transmitting beam) overlap each other as described above, the combining/selecting unit 26 combines the velocity measurement value as the Doppler measurement value obtained for the first received beam and the velocity measurement value as the second Doppler measurement value obtained for the received beam, to obtain a measurement value for the transmitting beam to be observed.

The combining/selecting unit 26 generates, based on the combined measurement value obtained for each position (each depth) in the y-axis direction and each position in the x-axis direction, velocity measurement data corresponding to xy coordinate values, and outputs the velocity measurement data to a Doppler image generating unit 28.

The Doppler image generating unit 28 generates Doppler image data by transforming the xy coordinate values to coordinates values of the display screen, concerning the velocity measurement data. The Doppler image generating unit 28 may apply to the Doppler image data space filter processing for smoothing variations of pixel values in the display screen direction. A Doppler image represented by the Doppler image data is, for example, a color Doppler image including pixels having colors determined based on the polarity of the combined measurement value. Further, in the Doppler image, the luminance of each pixel may be determined based on the magnitude of the combined measurement value. The Doppler image generating unit 28 outputs the Doppler image data to the image combining unit 32.

The Doppler image generating unit 28 may also generate Doppler image data that represents the velocity measurement values by filling patterns, instead of colors. Alternatively, the Doppler image generating unit 28 may generate numerical value image data representing the velocity measurement values by numerical values and graphs, for example.

The beam control unit 10, the transmitter unit 12, the probe 14, the receiver unit 20, the phase alignment and summation unit 22, the Doppler processing unit 24, the combining/selecting unit 26, and the Doppler image generating unit 28 repeat scanning of the transmitting beam and each received beam and sequentially generate the Doppler image data, and output each Doppler image data item to an image combining unit 32. A plurality of Doppler image data items generated in time sequence form motion image data.

The image combining unit 32, based on the tomographic image data output from the tomographic image generating unit 30 and the Doppler image data output from the Doppler image generating unit 28, superposes a Doppler image on a tomographic image to generate a tomographic/Doppler image data, and outputs the tomographic/Doppler image data to a display unit 34. The display unit 34 displays an image based on the tomographic/Doppler image data. When a plurality of tomographic image data items are output from the tomographic image generating unit 30 in time sequence and a plurality of Doppler image data items are output from the Doppler image generating unit 28 in time sequence, the image combining unit 32 generates the tomographic/Doppler image data in time sequence based on each image data item, and the display unit 34 displays the moving image based on the tomographic/Doppler image data generated in time sequence.

The display unit 34 may display numerical values or graphs, for example, that represent the velocity measurement values, based on the numerical value image data output from the Doppler image generating unit 28 and input to the image combining unit 32.

The above processing determines the velocity measurement value for each of a plurality of received beams formed with respect to each transmitting beam. When any of a plurality of received beams formed for one of adjacent transmitting beams overlaps any of a plurality of received beams formed for the other transmitting beam, the velocity measurement values for the overlapping received beams are weight-combined, and a combined measurement value is obtained. This approach prevents an image based on the Doppler image data from being displayed on the display unit 34 in a discontinuous manner in the screen direction. In color Doppler images, for example, generation of a discontinuous region such as black dot defects at boundaries between an image region formed by one set of received beams and an image region formed by another set of received beams can be reduced. Further, when weight-combining the velocity measurement values for two received beams, the weighting coefficient for a received beam which is closer to a transmitting beam is set greater than that for a received beam which is more distant. Generally, the shorter the distance between a received beam and a transmitting beam corresponding to the received beam, the higher the accuracy of measurement values based on ultrasound waves received according to the received beam. Therefore, the weighted combining as described above enhances the accuracy of the combined measurement values.

In the above example, the combining/selecting unit 26 weight-combines the velocity measurement values for two overlapping beams. Alternatively, the combining/selecting unit 26 may select one of the two velocity measurement values obtained for two overlapping received beams, based on a predetermined evaluation condition. A value representing the evaluation condition may be, for example, a variation level for a plurality of received data items from which the velocity measurement values have been obtained. More specifically, statistics representing the degree of variation, such as dispersion or standard deviation, for N received data items obtained based on ultrasonic pulses transmitted and received N times are used.

In this case, the velocity calculation unit 40 in FIG. 3 operates as a variation determining unit that determines, for each received beam, the variation level concerning the amount that contributes to the velocity measurement value. Specifically, the velocity calculation unit 40 uses the real part and the imaginary part of z(y, k)·z(y, k+1)* which is summed in the right side of Formula 2 to determine a neighboring time-Doppler frequency fa(y, k) according to Formula 6 for each of k=1 to N−1.

$\begin{matrix} {{{fa}\left( {y,k} \right)} = {\frac{1}{2\pi\; T}{\arctan\left\lbrack \frac{{Im}\left\lbrack {{z\left( {y,k} \right)} \cdot {z\left( {y,{k + 1}} \right)}^{*}} \right\rbrack}{{Re}\left\lbrack {{z\left( {y,k} \right)} \cdot {z\left( {y,{k + 1}} \right)}^{*}} \right\rbrack} \right\rbrack}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

The velocity calculation unit 40 determines the variation level for N−1 neighboring time-Doppler frequencies fa(y, 1), fa(y, 2), . . . fa(y, N−1), and outputs the result to the combining/selecting unit 26. The variation level is defined by dispersion, standard deviation, and the like, for the N−1 neighboring time-Doppler frequencies.

When the first received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to the first transmitting beam and the second received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to the second transmitting beam overlap each other, the combining/selecting unit 26 operates as a selection unit that selects one of the velocity measurement value obtained for the first received beam or the velocity measurement value obtained for the second received beam, based on the evaluation condition for each velocity measurement value.

The combining/selecting unit 26 first determines selected measurement values v0 to v4 for the received beams R0 to R4 to be the same values as the velocity measurement values, respectively, output from the Doppler processing unit 24.

The combining/selecting unit 26 selects, of the velocity measurement value v(R5) obtained for the received beam R5 at the depth y=y0 based on Formula 3 and the velocity measurement value v(Q0) obtained for the received beam Q0 at the depth y=y0 based on Formula 3, a velocity measurement value with the smaller variation level, as a selected measurement value v5. The combining/selecting unit 26 similarly selects, of the velocity value v(R6) obtained for the received beam R6 and the velocity measurement value v(Q1) obtained for the received beam Q1, a velocity measurement value with the smaller variation level as a selected measurement value v6. The combining/selecting unit 26 similarly selects, of the velocity measurement value v(R7) obtained for the received beam R7 and the velocity measurement value v(Q2) obtained for the received beam Q2, a velocity measurement value with the smaller variation level as a selected measurement value v7.

This processing corresponds to the processing for determining, when the variation level obtained for the received beam to be observed (the first received beam) is smaller than the variation level obtained for the received beam to be combined (the second received beam), the weighting coefficient for the received beam to be observed to be 1 in Formula 4. This processing further corresponds to the processing for determining, when the variation level obtained for the received beam to be observed is greater than the variation level obtained for the received beam to be combined, the weighting coefficient for the received beam to be observed to be 0. For example, when the variation level for the received beam R5 is smaller than the variation level for the received beam Q0, the weighting coefficient w5 is 1. When the variation level for the received beam R5 is greater than the variation level for the received beam Q0, the weighting coefficient w5 is 0.

The combining/selecting unit 26 similarly selects, of the velocity measurement value v(Q5) obtained for the received beam Q5 and the velocity measurement value v(P0) obtained for the received beam P0, a velocity measurement value with the smaller variation level, as a selected measurement value v10. The combining/selecting unit 26 further selects, of the velocity measurement value v(Q6) obtained for the received beam Q6 and the velocity measurement value v(P1) obtained for the received beam P1, a velocity measurement value with the smaller variation level, as a selected measurement value v11. The combining/selecting unit 26 also selects, of the velocity measurement value v(Q7) obtained for the received beam Q7 and the velocity measurement value v(P2) obtained for the received beam P2, a velocity measurement value with the smaller variation level, as a selected measurement value v12. Finally, the combining/selecting unit 26 determines selected measurement values v13 to v17 for the received beams P3 to P7 to be the same values as the velocity measurement values output from the Doppler processing unit 24, respectively.

The combining/selecting unit 26, based on the selected measurement values obtained for each position (each depth) in the y-axis direction and for each position in the x-axis direction, generates velocity measurement data correlated to xy coordinate values, and outputs the xy coordinate values to the Doppler image generating unit 28.

The processing described above selects, of two velocity measurement values obtained for two overlapping received beams, one with a smaller variation, and determines the selected velocity measurement value as a selected measurement value for the two received beams. The variation level indicates the degree of variation of a measurement value based on ultrasonic pulses transmitted and received N times, and usually, as the variation level decreases, the accuracy of the velocity measurement values increases. It is therefore likely that, of two velocity measurement values obtained for two overlapping received beams, the one with the higher measurement accuracy is selected as a selected measurement value.

One of two velocity measurement values obtained for two overlapping received beams may be selected based on the observing side transmitting and receiving distance and the combining side transmitting and receiving distance. In this case, when the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is smaller than the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the velocity measurement value obtained for the received beam to be observed is selected, whereas when the observing side transmitting and receiving distance is greater than the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, the velocity measurement value obtained for the received beam to be combined is selected. When the observing side transmitting and receiving distance and the combining side transmitting and receiving distance are equal to each other, either one of the two velocity measurement values is selected as desired.

In the above example, when two received beams overlap each other, the combined measurement value or the selected measurement value is obtained for the overlapping two received beams. Alternatively, when two received beams are in another predetermined positional relationship, the combined measurement value or the selected measurement value may be determined for the two received beams. For example, when two received beams are within a predetermined distance range at a certain depth, such as when the distance on the x-axis at the depth of y=y0 is equal to or less than a threshold value δ, the combined measurement value or the selected measurement value may be obtained for the two received beams.

The transmitting beams may be sector-scanned. The sector scanning refers to scanning for oscillating transmitting beams about a reference point fixed for the probe serving as a center. FIG. 4 illustrates an example positional relationship between the transmitting beams and the received beams when sector scanning is performed. In FIG. 4, an r-axis positive direction is defined in the depth direction, and a θ-axis is defined in the direction in which the transmitting beams oscillate. FIGS. 4 (a) to (c), which are arranged in the vertical direction for the convenience of explanation, show the transmitting beams and the received beams formed at the same depth with different time points.

FIG. 4 (a) illustrates eight received beams R0 to R7 formed at positions with the depth r=r0 at equal angular intervals toward the r-axis direction with a transmitting beam T0 being their center. FIG. 4 (b) illustrates scanning of the transmitting beam in the θ-axis positive direction and forming a transmitting beam T1 in a direction different from the direction of the transmitting beam T0. At positions with the depth r=r0, eight received beams Q0 to Q7 are formed at equal angular intervals toward the r-axis direction with the transmitting beam T1 being their center. FIG. 4 (c) illustrates scanning of the transmitting beam in the θ-axis positive direction and forming a transmitting beam T2 in a direction different from the direction of the transmitting beam T1. At positions with the depth r=r0, eight received beams P0 to P7 are formed at equal angular intervals toward the r-axis direction with the transmitting beam T2 being their center.

The phase alignment and summation unit 22 illustrated in FIG. 1 generates, for each of the ultrasonic pulses transmitted and received N times for one transmitting beam, received data based on ultrasound waves received along each received beam, and outputs each received data unit to the Doppler processing unit 24.

The Doppler processing unit 24 obtains a velocity measurement value for each received beam and outputs the velocity measurement values to the combining/selecting unit 26. When any of M received beams formed for one of two adjacent transmitting beams and any of M received beams formed for the other of the two adjacent transmitting beams overlap each other, the combining/selecting unit 26 combines the velocity measurement values obtained for the overlapping received beams.

As illustrated in FIGS. 4 (a) and (b), the received beams R5 to R7, among the received beams R0 to R7 formed with the transmitting beam T0 being as their center, are respectively formed at the same positions as those of the received beams Q0 to Q2, among the received beams Q0 to Q7 formed with the transmitting beam T1 being as their center. Further, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 (b) and (c), the received beams Q5 to Q7, among the received beams Q0 to Q7 formed with the transmitting beam T1 being as their center, are respectively formed at the same positions as those of the received beams P0 to P2, among the received beams P0 to P7 formed with the transmitting beam T2 being as their center.

The combining/selecting unit 26 determines, concerning each direction in the θ-axis direction at the depth r=r0 of the received beams R0 to R7, the received beams Q3 to Q7, and the received beams P3 to P7, a combined measurement value by using the velocity measurement value according to Formula 3. Specifically, the combining/selecting unit 26 obtains combined measurement values v0 to v17 for the 18 received beams to be observed, which are the received beams R0 to R7, the received beams Q3 to Q7, and the received beams P3 to P7, sequentially from the left.

The combining/selecting unit 26 first determines the combined measurement values v0 to v4 for the received beams R0 to R4 to be the same values as the velocity measurement values output from the Doppler processing unit 24, respectively. The combining/selecting unit 26 then obtains the combined measurement values v5 to v7 for the received beams R5 to R7 to be observed according to Formula 4.

The combining/selecting unit 26 further determines the combined measurement values v8 and v9 for the received beams Q3 to Q4 to be the same values as the velocity measurement values output from the Doppler processing unit 24, respectively. The combining/selecting unit 26 then obtains the combined measurement values v10 to v12 for the received beams Q5 to Q7 to be observed according to Formula 5.

The combining/selecting unit 26 further determines the combined measurement values v13 to v17 for the received beams P3 to P7 to be the same values as the velocity measurement values output from the Doppler processing unit 24, respectively.

The combining/selecting unit 26, based on the combined measurement value obtained at each position in the r-axis direction (each depth) and each position in the θ-axis direction, generates velocity measurement data corresponding to r0 coordinate values, and outputs the data to the Doppler image generating unit 28. The Doppler image generating unit 28, concerning the velocity measurement data, transforms the r0 coordinate values to coordinate values for the display screen to thereby generate Doppler image data.

In the case of sector scanning, similar to linear scanning, one of two velocity measurement values obtained for two overlapping received beams may be selected based on an evaluation value such as the variation level for each received data item, the observing side transmitting and receiving distance, and the combining side transmitting and receiving distance. Also, in place of combining the velocity measurement values or selecting one of the velocity measurement values when two received beams overlap each other (hereinafter referred to as combining/selecting), combining/selecting may be executed when two received beams are in other predetermined positional relationships. For example, combining/selecting may be executed when two received beams are within a predetermined distance range at a given depth. In this case, when the distance on the θ-axis at the depth r=r0 is a threshold value δ or less, combining/selecting is executed.

In either linear scanning or sector scanning, the combining of the velocity measurement values when two received beams overlap each other may include, in place of determining a weighting coefficient based on the observing side transmitting and receiving distance and the combining side transmitting and receiving distance, determining a weighting coefficient in accordance with the variation level. For example, the weighting coefficient w for a received beam to be observed is determined within a range of 0<w<0.5 when the variation level obtained for the received beam to be observed is greater than the variation level for the received beam to be combined. When the variation level obtained for the received beam to be observed is smaller than the variation level for the received beam to be combined, the weighting coefficient w is determined within a range of 0.5<w<1. When the variation level obtained for the received beam to be observed is equal to the variation level for the received beam to be combined, w=0.5 is determined.

In the above embodiment, an example in which combining/selecting is executed for three sets of received beams is described. More specifically, in the above example, combining/selecting is executed for received beams on the right end side of one set of received beams and received beams on the left end side of an adjacent set of received beams on the right. Four or more sets of received beams may be used. In this case, similar to the case of three sets of received beams, combining/selecting is executed sequentially from the left such that one or more received beams on the right end side of one set of received beams and one or more received beams on the left end side of one set of received beams to the right are combined or one or more received beams on one side are selected. Alternatively, combining/selecting is executed sequentially from the right such that one or more received beams on the left end side of one set of received beams and one or more received beams on the right end side of one set of received beams to the left undergo combining/selecting.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

10 beam control unit, 12 transmitter unit, 14 probe, 16 transducer element, 18 examinee, 20 receiver unit, 22 phase alignment and summation unit, 24 Doppler processing unit, 26 combining/selecting unit, 28 Doppler image generating unit, 30 tomographic image generating unit, 32 image combining unit, 34 display unit, 36 MTI filter processing unit, 38 autocorrelation processing unit, 40 velocity calculation unit, T0 to T2 transmitting beam, R0 to R7, Q0 to Q7, P0 to P7 received beam. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An ultrasonic diagnostic device, comprising: a transmitter unit configured to transmit ultrasound waves for each of a plurality of transmitting beams formed at different positions or in different directions; a receiver unit configured to receive ultrasound waves concerning each of a plurality of received beams in each set of received beams, the plurality of received beams being formed at different positions or in different directions, the each set of received beams being formed corresponding to each transmitting beam; a Doppler processing unit configured to determine a Doppler measurement value for each of the received beams based on the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit; and a combining unit configured to combine, when a first received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a first transmitting beam and a second received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a second transmitting beam are in a predetermined positional relationship, a first Doppler measurement value determined for the first received beam and a second Doppler measurement value determined for the second received beam, wherein the combining unit is configured to weight-combine the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value, with weighting in accordance with a distance between the first transmitting beam and the first received beam or a difference in directions between the first transmitting beam and the first received beam, and a distance between the second transmitting beam and the second received beam or a difference in directions between the second transmitting beam and the second received beam, and the combining unit is configured to set, in weight-combining, greater weighting for the first Doppler measurement value or the second Doppler measurement value that is determined based on a smaller distance between the transmitting beam and the received beam or based on a greater difference in directions between the transmitting beam and the received beam.
 2. An ultrasonic diagnostic device, comprising: a transmitter unit configured to transmit ultrasound waves for each of a plurality of transmitting beams formed at different positions or in different directions, the transmitter unit being configured to transmit ultrasound waves a plurality of times for one transmitting beam; a receiver unit configured to receive ultrasound waves concerning each of a plurality of received beams in each set of received beams, the plurality of received beams being formed at different positions or in different directions, the each set of received beams being formed corresponding to each transmitting beam; a Doppler processing unit configured to determine a Doppler measurement value for each of the received beams based on the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit a plurality of times; and a combining unit configured to combine, when a first received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a first transmitting beam and a second received beam that belongs to a set of received beams formed corresponding to a second transmitting beam are in a predetermined positional relationship, a first Doppler measurement value determined for the first received beam and a second Doppler measurement value determined for the second received beam, and a variation determining unit configured to determine, for each of the received beams, a variation level based on an amount that contributes to the Doppler measurement value, concerning the ultrasound waves received by the receiver unit a plurality of times for each of the received beams, wherein the combining unit is configured to weight-combine the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value, with weighting in accordance with the variation level determined for each of the first Doppler measurement value and the second Doppler measurement value; and the combining unit is configured to set, in weight-combining, greater weighting for the first Doppler measurement value or the second Doppler measurement value for which the variation level is smaller value or the second Doppler measurement value having a smaller variation value. 